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Visual representation methods have long been used as tools to communicate information in health education settings, and their effect on improving health literacy has been investigated. The question arises: How should an illustrati...
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Visual representation methods have long been used as tools to communicate information in health education settings, and their effect on improving health literacy has been investigated. The question arises: How should an illustration function in relation to the textual information it illustrates? Medical illustrations are likely to be featured in media such as brochures and textbooks. If the textual information in such materials is so complex, what function should illustrations play? We reviewed the sociological literature on illustrations to obtain findings potentially applicable to health education and the improvement of health literacy. We then evaluated these tools to determine the types of illustrations that are suitable for the information. Of the three topics for which we developed the materials—cancer, food allergies and HEV light—only for the HEV light topic were earlier findings replicated. One key factor behind this result was that the illustrations for the HEV topic underwent a more thorough deliberative process than those for the other two topics. The results of our study also highlight the importance of third-party opinion in the illustration design process.
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This Alternative Gallery feature introduces the photographic artist Professor Richard Sawdon Smith. Professor Sawdon Smith's work stems around a fascination with representations of anatomy that have been fuelled by his experience ...
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This Alternative Gallery feature introduces the photographic artist Professor Richard Sawdon Smith. Professor Sawdon Smith's work stems around a fascination with representations of anatomy that have been fuelled by his experience as a hospital patient. The work has allowed him to explore ideas through the use of medical illustrations which include early anatomical drawings, personal medical photography and facial modelling. The work highlights how such imagery can be used in the context of a patient seeking understanding and acceptance of ill health and disease using the body as a canvas on which to translate the experience.
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This Viewpoint discusses an updated image of Parkinson disease that more accurately reflects the heterogeneity in age at onset, sex, race/ethnicity, and disease experience.
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The historical development of anatomical terminology from the ancient to the modern can be divided into five stages. The initial stage is represented by the oldest extant anatomical treatises by Galen of Pergamon in the Roman Empi...
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The historical development of anatomical terminology from the ancient to the modern can be divided into five stages. The initial stage is represented by the oldest extant anatomical treatises by Galen of Pergamon in the Roman Empire. The anatomical descriptions by Galen utilized only a limited number of anatomical terms, which were essentially colloquial words in the Greek of this period. In the second stage, Vesalius in the early 16th century described the anatomical structures in his Fabrica with the help of detailed magnificent illustrations. He coined substantially no anatomical terms, but devised a system that distinguished anatomical structures with ordinal numbers. The third stage of development in the late 16th century was marked by innovation of a large number of specific anatomical terms especially for the muscles, vessels and nerves. The main figures at this stage were Sylvius in Paris and Bauhin in Basel. In the fourth stage between Bauhin and the international anatomical terminology, many anatomical textbooks were written mainly in Latin in the 17th century, and in modern languages in the 18th and 19th centuries. Anatomical terms for the same structure were differently expressed by different authors. The last stage began at the end of the 19th century, when the first international anatomical terminology in Latin was published as Nomina anatomica. The anatomical terminology was revised repeatedly until the current Terminologia anatomica both in Latin and English.
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Elsevier's Procedures Consult product is an online procedure reference tool, combining videos for common procedures with checklists for preparing, performing, and following up on procedures. In addition, the product includes infor...
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Elsevier's Procedures Consult product is an online procedure reference tool, combining videos for common procedures with checklists for preparing, performing, and following up on procedures. In addition, the product includes information on the equipment that is used in these procedures in a hospital setting. While the use of video content is not new in clinical education, Procedures Consult is a unique product in that it is organized around procedure videos as a teaching tool. Video content is combined with a testing module, enabling clinical educators to test students on their knowledge and track results.
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We developed eight heavily illustrated booklets covering patients' rights and responsibilities, antiepileptic medicines, and most psychotropic medicines. The language level was very basic but covered a wide range of information. W...
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We developed eight heavily illustrated booklets covering patients' rights and responsibilities, antiepileptic medicines, and most psychotropic medicines. The language level was very basic but covered a wide range of information. We distributed free copies of the booklets, together with standardized questionnaires, to consumers with and without intellectual disabilities or other developmental disabilities; 604 questionnaires were returned. The majority of consumers indicated that they read the booklets, learned more about their rights/responsibilities and the medicines described, and found the booklets helpful. Consumers with intellectual disability experienced more difficulty than “average” consumers in understanding the materials, but satisfaction and understanding were reportedly high overall. Female and minority respondents indicated somewhat higher satisfaction with the booklets than did their counterparts.
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In 2012 a relic from the Medical Illustration department at the Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI) was unearthed. The forgotten Victorian photographic album contains examples of medical photography from the late 1800s. This historic me...
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In 2012 a relic from the Medical Illustration department at the Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI) was unearthed. The forgotten Victorian photographic album contains examples of medical photography from the late 1800s. This historic memento provides a valuable insight into the inception of medical photography at the BRI, as well as allowing 21st century physicians to assess common Victorian ailments perhaps not regularly seen in western hospitals today. Since the initial finding of the captivating collection, presumed now to be a 19th century surgeon's scrapbook, the author felt a certain obligation to embark on a research project with the intention of revealing more about the intriguing characters preserved in these antiquated medical photographs and to gain a greater understanding of where they fit in to the wider history of medical illustration. This research project led to the discovery of further evidence of Medical Illustration being undertaken in the region, in the form of a collection of historic drawings discovered at the Bristol Record Office.
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In his time, William Wadd (1776–1829) was a well-known and well-respected surgeon and writer. He was also a very good visual artist who made his own anatomical illustrations. The subject of this paper is a set of drawings by Wadd...
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In his time, William Wadd (1776–1829) was a well-known and well-respected surgeon and writer. He was also a very good visual artist who made his own anatomical illustrations. The subject of this paper is a set of drawings by Wadd in the collection of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. The drawings appear to be clinical studies, but what is most striking about them is the way in which they make use of the conventions of portraiture from that time. In an era before standardised, artistically neutral illustrations, they provide an excellent example of how medicine and the fine arts were interrelated in the production of knowledge.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of Standard Representational Photography in clinical photography and its aid in maintaining the gold standard in the Medical Illustration profession. It is important that prof...
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of Standard Representational Photography in clinical photography and its aid in maintaining the gold standard in the Medical Illustration profession. It is important that professionals are aware of potential threats to good practice with many areas identified in the article
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